Tin Top Hat Single Crystal

Tin Top Hat Single Crystal combines exceptional crystallographic uniformity, high electrical conductivity, and excellent thermal stability, making it ideal for specialized device fabrication and advanced scientific experimentation. Its precision-machined “top hat” geometry allows integration into custom experimental setups and high-vacuum environments without compromising purity or structure. This material finds application in sectors such as semiconductor processing, photonics, and cryogenic instrumentation. Specific uses include serving as a reference material for diffraction-based measurements, forming part of precision electrical contacts in low-temperature physics research, and enabling advanced microfabrication processes requiring defect-free crystal surfaces. In research and innovation, Tin Top Hat Single Crystal supports breakthroughs in material science by providing a stable, reproducible platform for exploring electronic, optical, and thermal phenomena at the highest levels of precision.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Single Crystal

Orientation		See Item
Thickness		+2% / -1%
Length		+2% / -1%

Top Hat

Inside Diameter		+2% / -1%
Outside Diameter		+2% / -1%
Bottom Section Thickness		+2% / -1%
Top Section Thickness		+2% / -1%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	50
Crystal structure	Tetragonal
Electronic structure	Kr 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Valences shown	2,4
Atomic weight( amu )	118.69
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	0.63
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	122/ 4.6
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	124/ 5.6
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	114/ 0.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	120/ 32.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	118/ 24.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	112/ 1.0
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	116/ 14.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	115/ 0.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	117/ 7.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	119/ 8.6
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.158
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 14.63
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 72.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 30.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 40.7
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.34

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	1.5-1.8
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.357
Bulk modulus( GPa )	58.2
Tensile modulus( GPa )	49.9

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	12.6@20@20°C
Superconductivity critical temperature( K )	3.722
Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ )	0.0046@0-100°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	0.42

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	2270
Density( gcm⁻³ )	7.28@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	231.9
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	2497
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	59.6
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	213@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	66.8@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	23.5@0-100°C