Tungsten Top Hat Single Crystal

Tungsten Top Hat Single Crystal combines the ultra-high melting point and mechanical strength of tungsten with the advantages of a defect-free single-crystal structure in a precision-engineered top-hat geometry. This form is optimized for vacuum electronics, aerospace, and high-temperature optical systems where exact geometry and stability are critical. Industries employ it in electron emitters, ion source components, and thermionic devices requiring reproducible emission behavior and extreme durability. Specific uses include cathodes in electron guns, accelerator instrumentation, and precision optics under thermal loading. In research, tungsten top-hat single crystals are studied for recrystallization resistance, surface emission properties, and microstructural response under extreme stress. Their combination of purity, stability, and geometric precision ensures essential use in cutting-edge vacuum electronics and advanced scientific instrumentation.

Quick Links:

Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Single Crystal

Orientation		See Item
Thickness		+2% / -1%
Length		+2% / -1%

Top Hat

Inside Diameter		+2% / -1%
Outside Diameter		+2% / -1%
Bottom Section Thickness		+2% / -1%
Top Section Thickness		+2% / -1%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	74
Crystal structure	Body centred cubic
Electronic structure	Xe 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²
Valences shown	2,3,4,5,6
Atomic weight( amu )	183.85
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	18.5
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.55
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	183/ 14.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	182/ 26.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	186/ 28.6
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	180/ 0.1
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	184/ 30.7
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.141
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.98
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 17.7

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Material condition	Soft
Material condition	Hard
Poisson's ratio	0.28
Poisson's ratio	0.28
Bulk modulus( GPa )	311
Bulk modulus( GPa )	311
Tensile modulus( GPa )	411
Tensile modulus( GPa )	411
Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² )	360
Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² )	500
Tensile strength( MPa )	550-620
Tensile strength( MPa )	1920
Yield strength( MPa )	550

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	5.4@20@20°C
Superconductivity critical temperature( K )	0.0154
Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ )	0.0048@0-100°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	1.12

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	5660
Density( gcm⁻³ )	19.3@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	3410
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	4009
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	192
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	133@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	173@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	4.5@0-100°C