Tin Square Single Crystal

Tin Square Single Crystal offers high purity, well-defined lattice structure, and exceptional electrical and optical properties, making it an indispensable material for precision electronic and photonic applications. Its uniform crystallography ensures predictable charge transport and minimal grain boundary scattering, vital for semiconductor research and optoelectronic device prototyping. Industries such as microelectronics, advanced optics, and nanotechnology employ Tin Square Single Crystal for developing precision sensors, photodetectors, and quantum-scale devices. Specific uses include serving as a substrate for epitaxial growth, as a calibration standard in X-ray diffraction studies, and as a base for high-performance thermoelectric modules. In research and innovation, its structural perfection supports the exploration of fundamental material behaviors and the design of next-generation components with enhanced efficiency and stability.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Single Crystal

Orientation		See Item
Thickness		+2% / -1%
Length		+2% / -1%

Square

Size		+2% / -1%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	50
Crystal structure	Tetragonal
Electronic structure	Kr 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Valences shown	2,4
Atomic weight( amu )	118.69
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	0.63
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	122/ 4.6
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	124/ 5.6
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	114/ 0.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	120/ 32.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	118/ 24.3
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	112/ 1.0
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	116/ 14.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	115/ 0.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	117/ 7.7
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	119/ 8.6
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.158
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 14.63
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 72.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 30.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 40.7
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.34

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	1.5-1.8
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.357
Bulk modulus( GPa )	58.2
Tensile modulus( GPa )	49.9

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	12.6@20@20°C
Superconductivity critical temperature( K )	3.722
Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ )	0.0046@0-100°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	0.42

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	2270
Density( gcm⁻³ )	7.28@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	231.9
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	2497
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	59.6
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	213@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	66.8@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	23.5@0-100°C