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Formula: Ge
Form: Single Crystal
Material: Germanium
CAS Number: 7440-56-4
Commodity: Metals
Purity: 99.999%

Germanium Single Crystal

Germanium Single Crystal from Goodfellow is a high-purity semiconductor material grown into a monocrystalline form. With a diamond cubic crystal structure, it has a grayish metallic appearance and a lustrous surface. Germanium's electrical properties, including its moderate bandgap and high electron mobility, make it useful for semiconductor devices. This germanium single crystal is well-suited to applications like transistors, solar cells, and infrared optics. As part of Goodfellow's wide range of single crystal products, it enables research and development across electronics, photonics, and more.
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Tolerances

Single Crystal
Orientation See Item
Thickness +2% / -1%
Length +2% / -1%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties
Mechanical Properties
Electrical Properties
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Atomic Properties
Element Value
Atomic number 32
Crystal structure Diamond
Electronic structure Ar 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Valences shown 2,4
Atomic weight( amu ) 72.59
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns ) 2.3
Photo-electric work function( eV ) 4.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) 72/ 27.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) 73/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) 76/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) 70/ 20.5
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) 74/ 36.5
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm ) 0.139
Ionisation potential( No./eV ) 4/ 45.7
Ionisation potential( No./eV ) 3/ 34.22
Ionisation potential( No./eV ) 1/ 7.90
Ionisation potential( No./eV ) 5/ 93.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV ) 2/ 15.93
Mechanical Properties
Element Value
Hardness - Mohs 6.25
Material condition Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio 0.32
Bulk modulus( GPa ) 73.9
Tensile modulus( GPa ) 79.9
Electrical Properties
Element Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm ) 46x10⁶@22@22°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV ) 33.9
Physical Properties
Element Value
Boiling point( C ) 2830
Density( gcm⁻³ ) 5.32@20°C
Thermal Properties
Element Value
Melting point( C ) 937.4
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ ) 4516
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ ) 465
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ ) 322@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ ) 60.2@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ ) 5.75@0-100°C

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