Germanium Foil

Germanium Foil is a high-purity (up to 99.999% Ge), thin metallic semiconductor sheet valued for its excellent infrared transmission, high refractive index, and compatibility with microfabrication processes. Produced through precision rolling or advanced deposition methods, it offers uniform thickness and surface quality critical for optical and electronic applications. Industries use germanium foil in infrared optics, photovoltaics, and semiconductor device fabrication. Specific applications include flexible substrates for nanowire growth in optoelectronics, brazing foil components in high-vacuum systems, and thin, patterned sheets for IR detectors and sensors. In research, germanium foils are enabling materials for stretchable IR imaging devices, next-generation photovoltaic modules, and advanced spectroscopy tools, owing to their tunable doping potential and integration versatility. Their combination of optical performance, structural precision, and electronic adaptability makes them indispensable in both industrial manufacturing and scientific innovation.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

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Tolerances

Foil

Thickness	<0.01mm	±25%
Thickness	0.01mm - 0.05mm	±15%
Thickness	>0.05mm	±10%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	32
Crystal structure	Diamond
Electronic structure	Ar 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Valences shown	2,4
Atomic weight( amu )	72.59
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	2.3
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	72/ 27.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	73/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	76/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	70/ 20.5
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	74/ 36.5
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.139
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 45.7
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 34.22
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.90
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 93.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 15.93

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	6.25
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.32
Bulk modulus( GPa )	73.9
Tensile modulus( GPa )	79.9

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	46x10⁶@22@22°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	33.9

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	2830
Density( gcm⁻³ )	5.32@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	937.4
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	4516
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	465
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	322@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	60.2@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	5.75@0-100°C