Bismuth Ingot

Bismuth Ingot is a dense, brittle semimetal with low thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, and strong diamagnetic properties. Its relatively low toxicity compared to lead has driven its adoption in eco-friendly alloys and safety-critical applications. Industries utilize bismuth ingots in low-melting-point fusible alloys, precision casting for safety devices, and radiation shielding materials. Specific uses include lead-free solders for electronics, alloying agents in steel to improve machinability, and medical shielding components. In research, Bismuth Ingot is valuable for studies in condensed matter physics, thermoelectric optimization, and quantum electronic behavior. Its role in developing lead-free, high-performance materials positions it as a critical resource for sustainable manufacturing and cutting-edge scientific exploration.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

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Tolerances

Pellets

Maximum Lump Size		Nominal

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	83
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral
Electronic structure	Xe 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Valences shown	3, 5
Atomic weight( amu )	208.9804
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	0.034
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.4
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.182
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 56.0
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.29
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 25.6
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 45.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	6/ 88.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 16.7

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.33
Bulk modulus( GPa )	31.3
Tensile modulus( GPa )	34
Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² )	16-19

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	117@20@20°C
Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ )	0.0046@0-100°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	-7.34

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	1560
Density( gcm⁻³ )	9.8@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	271.3
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	857
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	52
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	124@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	7.9@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	13.4@0-100°C