Bismuth Disk Single Crystal

Bismuth Disk Single Crystal is a precision-machined, high-purity bismuth form that exhibits unique electronic, thermal, and optical properties due to its single-crystal structure. Characterized by strong diamagnetism, low thermal conductivity, and high anisotropic electrical transport, it is ideal for applications requiring consistent and predictable material behavior at both macro and micro scales. Industries such as thermoelectrics, semiconductor research, and advanced optics employ these disks in prototype devices, precision metrology, and cryogenic systems. Specific applications include serving as substrates for quantum transport experiments, components in magneto-optical devices, and active elements in low-temperature thermoelectric modules. In research, single-crystal bismuth disks are crucial for studying electron–phonon interactions, surface state phenomena, and topological material properties. Their combination of crystalline perfection, unique physical constants, and compatibility with advanced fabrication techniques ensures they remain a foundational material for cutting-edge scientific and technological innovation.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Single Crystal

Orientation		See Item
Thickness		+2% / -1%
Length		+2% / -1%

Disk

Diameter		+2% / -1%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	83
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral
Electronic structure	Xe 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Valences shown	3, 5
Atomic weight( amu )	208.9804
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	0.034
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.4
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.182
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 56.0
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.29
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 25.6
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 45.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	6/ 88.3
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 16.7

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.33
Bulk modulus( GPa )	31.3
Tensile modulus( GPa )	34
Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² )	16-19

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	117@20@20°C
Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ )	0.0046@0-100°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	-7.34

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	1560
Density( gcm⁻³ )	9.8@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	271.3
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	857
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	52
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	124@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	7.9@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	13.4@0-100°C