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Vanadium Foil/Sheet
Available Configurations
Properties common to all products in this list
| Thickness | Sides | Temper ⓘ | Surface Finish | Other Variant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001 mm (foil) to 3.15 mm (sheet) | 10 mm to 305 mm | As Rolled | Polished on both sides | Light Tight (Pinhole Free) |
Need custom configurations? Please contact us.
Key Features
Vanadium Foil at 99.8% purity is a high-purity transition metal foil with a set of functional properties of active interest in hydrogen energy, nuclear fusion, and functional materials research — principally its exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity and its superconducting behavior below 5.4 K:
Exceptionally High Hydrogen Diffusivity — Among the Highest of Any Metallic Element
Vanadium's exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity makes it one of the most studied materials for hydrogen separation membranes, solid-state hydrogen transport devices, and isotope recovery in fusion systems — with the foil format ideally suited to membrane fabrication, hydrogen permeation cell assembly, and tritium recovery system development where thin, gas-permeable metallic membranes are the functional element.
Elemental Superconductor Below 5.4 K for Cryogenic & Superconducting Materials Research
With a superconducting critical temperature of 5.4 K, Vanadium Foil supports cryogenic and superconducting materials research where a well-characterized elemental superconductor in foil form provides a reproducible substrate and test specimen for low-temperature physics investigations and comparative superconductivity studies.
Ductile & Readily Formed at Room Temperature
Vanadium is ductile and readily formed at room temperature, making Vanadium Foil practical to integrate into membrane cell assemblies, thin-film deposition systems, and nuclear material screening experiments without specialist processing — available with a polished-both-sides surface option for applications requiring low surface roughness for surface science and thin-film deposition work.
Wide Thickness Range (0.001 mm to 3.15 mm) for Membrane & Substrate Applications
Available from 0.001 mm thin membrane stock through to 3.15 mm thick sheet, with sheet sizes up to 305 mm and a polished-both-sides surface option — covering the full range from ultra-thin gas-separation membranes and thin-film deposition substrates to thicker structural and screening specimens for nuclear material and mechanical testing programs.
Important Practical Note: Oxidation Above ~600 °C in Air
Vanadium is sensitive to oxidation above approximately 600 °C in air, and elevated-temperature applications must be conducted in inert or vacuum conditions — a critical design constraint for hydrogen permeation membrane operation at elevated temperatures, fusion material screening under thermal load, and any catalytic or surface science study involving high-temperature processing in oxidizing atmospheres.
Industrial Applications
Vanadium Foil is used across hydrogen energy research, nuclear fusion material science, superconducting materials research, catalysis, and functional coating development wherever the foil's hydrogen transport properties, low neutron activation, or superconducting character are central to the application:
- ✦ Hydrogen Separation Membranes & Permeation Measurement
- The foil format is the standard form for vanadium hydrogen separation membrane fabrication and hydrogen permeation measurement, where vanadium's exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity — among the highest of any metallic element — supports the development of dense metallic membranes for hydrogen purification, isotope separation, and solid-state hydrogen transport devices. Membrane operation at elevated temperatures must be conducted under inert or vacuum atmosphere to avoid oxidation.
- ✦ Tritium Recovery System Development
- Used in tritium recovery system development for fusion energy applications, where vanadium foil serves as a model membrane material for tritium transport studies — exploiting its high hydrogen isotope diffusivity to develop and validate separation concepts for the tritium breeding blankets and exhaust processing systems of fusion reactors.
- ✦ Vanadium Alloy Fusion Blanket Concept Testing
- Employed as the base material for vanadium alloy fusion blanket concept testing, where foil specimens provide a thin, irradiation-accessible geometry for neutron damage screening, helium implantation studies, and post-irradiation mechanical characterization relevant to the development of vanadium-based structural materials for fusion reactor first-wall and blanket components.
- ✦ Thin-Film Functional Coating Substrates
- Used as thin-film functional coating substrates where the vanadium substrate's own hydrogen interaction behavior is part of the experimental design — enabling studies of hydrogen absorption, embrittlement, and isotope trapping in deposited coatings on a vanadium base that participates in the hydrogen transport system rather than acting as an inert support.
- ✦ Superconducting Materials Research & Cryogenic Physics Investigations
- Applied as a well-characterized elemental superconductor foil in low-temperature physics research, where vanadium's superconducting transition at 5.4 K provides a reproducible foil specimen for critical temperature studies, magnetic flux pinning investigations, and comparative superconductivity characterization at cryogenic temperatures.
Material Properties
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 23 |
| Crystal structure | Body centred cubic |
| Electronic structure | Ar 3d³ 4s² |
| Valences shown | 2,3,4,5 |
| Atomic weight( amu ) | 50.9415 |
| Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns ) | 5.06 |
| Photo-electric work function( eV ) | 4.3 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 51/ 99.75 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 50/ 0.25 |
| Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm ) | 0.136 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 3/ 29.3 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 2/ 14.6 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 5/ 65.2 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 6/ 128 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 1/ 6.74 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 4/ 46.7 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Material condition | Hard |
| Material condition | Soft |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.365 |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.365 |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 158 |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 158 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 127.6 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 127.6 |
| Izod toughness( J m⁻¹ ) | 10-136 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 80 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 150 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 260-585 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 530-730 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 170-450 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 515-690 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm ) | 19.6@20°C |
| Superconductivity critical temperature( K ) | 5.4 |
| Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ ) | 0.0039@0-100°C |
| Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV ) | 0.63 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling point( C ) | 3380 |
| Density( gcm⁻³ ) | 6.1@20°C |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Melting point( C ) | 1890 |
| Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ ) | 8975 |
| Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ ) | 345 |
| Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ ) | 486@25°C |
| Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ ) | 30.7@0-100°C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ ) | 8.3@0-100°C |
Tolerances
| Thickness | <0.01mm | ±25% |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | 0.01mm - 0.05mm | ±15% |
| Thickness | >0.05mm | ±10% |
| Linear dimension | <100mm | ±1mm |
| Linear dimension | >=100mm | +2 / -1% |