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Vanadium Disk
Available Configurations
Properties common to all products in this list
| Thickness | Diameter | Temper ⓘ | Surface Finish |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001 mm to 2 mm | 4 mm to 50.8 mm | As Rolled | Polished on both sides |
Need custom configurations? Please contact us.
Key Features
Vanadium Disk at 99.8% purity is a precision-cut circular component in a transition metal with a set of functional properties that set it apart from more common structural and refractory metals — principally its exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity and its superconducting behavior below 5.4 K:
Exceptionally High Hydrogen Diffusivity for Membrane & Permeation Research
Vanadium's exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity — among the highest of any metallic element — makes Vanadium Disk a uniquely valuable substrate and target blank for hydrogen permeation studies, isotope separation experiments, and energy systems research where the disk itself functions as a model membrane material or a test specimen whose hydrogen transport properties are the primary experimental variable.
Elemental Superconductor Below 5.4 K
Vanadium is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 5.4 K, supporting its use in low-temperature physics research and superconducting material studies where a well-characterized elemental superconductor disk in a defined geometry provides a reproducible reference specimen for critical temperature measurements, magnetic penetration depth studies, and comparative superconductivity investigations.
Low Neutron Absorption Cross-Section for Nuclear & Fusion Applications
Vanadium's low neutron absorption cross-section and reasonable radiation tolerance make Vanadium Disk a material of sustained interest for nuclear and fusion energy applications, supporting its use as a nuclear fusion material screening specimen and structural reference disk in neutron irradiation experiments where low neutron activation is a material selection criterion.
Ductile & Readily Formed at Room Temperature
Vanadium is ductile, moderately strong, and amenable to forming at room temperature — making Vanadium Disk straightforward to integrate into membrane cell assemblies, electrochemical test fixtures, and thin-film deposition systems without specialist processing. Its face-centered cubic structure supports reliable surface finishing for surface science applications.
Important Practical Note: Oxidation Above ~600 °C in Air
Vanadium is sensitive to oxidation above approximately 600 °C in air. Elevated-temperature use requires inert or vacuum environments — a critical consideration in experimental design for any application involving thermal processing, high-temperature catalytic studies, or fusion material screening above this threshold.
Industrial Applications
Vanadium Disk is used across hydrogen energy research, low-temperature physics, nuclear and fusion material science, electrochemistry, and surface science wherever a well-characterized transition metal disk with defined hydrogen transport and superconducting properties is required:
- ✦ Hydrogen Permeation Studies & Isotope Separation Research
- Used as substrates and target blanks for hydrogen permeation studies and isotope separation experiments, where vanadium's exceptionally high hydrogen diffusivity makes the disk itself a functional membrane model material whose hydrogen transport behavior is the experimental subject — supporting fundamental studies of hydrogen solubility, diffusivity, and isotope selectivity relevant to tritium recovery, hydrogen purification, and energy storage systems.
- ✦ Nuclear Fusion Material Screening Specimens
- Employed as nuclear fusion material screening specimens in neutron irradiation and ion bombardment experiments, where vanadium's low neutron absorption cross-section and radiation tolerance make it a candidate structural material for fusion reactor blanket components — with the disk geometry providing a standardized specimen form for systematic irradiation damage characterization and post-irradiation mechanical testing.
- ✦ Superconductivity Investigations & Low-Temperature Physics Research
- Used as reference specimens in superconductivity investigations and low-temperature physics research, where vanadium's well-defined superconducting transition at 5.4 K provides a reproducible elemental superconductor reference disk for critical temperature measurements, magnetic field penetration studies, and comparative investigations of superconducting behavior across material systems.
- ✦ Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Material Studies & Electrochemical Test Specimens
- Applied as electrochemical test specimens and reference disks for vanadium redox flow battery material studies, where the disk geometry provides a defined vanadium substrate surface for electrochemical characterization of dissolution kinetics, oxide film formation, and electrode performance relevant to vanadium electrolyte chemistry and battery electrode development.
- ✦ Catalytic Coating Substrates & Thin-Film Vanadium Alloy Research
- Used as catalytic coating substrates and reference disks for thin-film vanadium alloy research, where 99.8% purity and a well-defined circular geometry provide a reproducible vanadium substrate for catalytic surface coating deposition, thin-film alloy characterization, and fundamental surface science investigations of vanadium's surface chemistry and catalytic activity under controlled conditions (elevated-temperature work conducted under inert or vacuum atmosphere).
Material Properties
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 23 |
| Crystal structure | Body centred cubic |
| Electronic structure | Ar 3d³ 4s² |
| Valences shown | 2,3,4,5 |
| Atomic weight( amu ) | 50.9415 |
| Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns ) | 5.06 |
| Photo-electric work function( eV ) | 4.3 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 51/ 99.75 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 50/ 0.25 |
| Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm ) | 0.136 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 3/ 29.3 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 2/ 14.6 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 5/ 65.2 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 6/ 128 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 1/ 6.74 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 4/ 46.7 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Material condition | Hard |
| Material condition | Soft |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.365 |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.365 |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 158 |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 158 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 127.6 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 127.6 |
| Izod toughness( J m⁻¹ ) | 10-136 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 80 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 150 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 260-585 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 530-730 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 170-450 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 515-690 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm ) | 19.6@20°C |
| Superconductivity critical temperature( K ) | 5.4 |
| Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ ) | 0.0039@0-100°C |
| Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV ) | 0.63 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling point( C ) | 3380 |
| Density( gcm⁻³ ) | 6.1@20°C |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Melting point( C ) | 1890 |
| Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ ) | 8975 |
| Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ ) | 345 |
| Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ ) | 486@25°C |
| Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ ) | 30.7@0-100°C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ ) | 8.3@0-100°C |
Tolerances
| Thickness | <0.01mm | ±25% |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | 0.01mm - 0.05mm | ±15% |
| Thickness | >0.05mm | ±10% |
| Diameter | ±0.5mm |