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Titanium Disk
Key Features
Titanium possesses a combination of material characteristics that make it particularly well suited for aerospace, biomedical, chemical processing, electronics, and energy applications:
Excellent Corrosion Resistance
Titanium naturally forms a stable oxide layer (TiO₂) that protects it from corrosion in aggressive environments, including seawater, chlorides, and strong acids. This makes it valuable in marine, chemical, and biomedical systems.
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio and Low Density (4.51 g/cm³)
Titanium combines excellent strength with low density, making it ideal for aerospace, automotive, and structural applications where weight savings are critical without compromising durability.
High Melting Point (1,668 °C)
Titanium's high melting point ensures structural stability under extreme heat, supporting its use in high-temperature tooling, aerospace shielding, and furnace components.
Biocompatibility
Titanium is bioinert and non-toxic, making it ideal for long-term contact with biological tissues. It is used in medical implants, surgical tools, and wearable biosensors.
Workability & Formability
Titanium foil can be cold-rolled and formed into complex shapes without significant loss of strength. This enables its use in microfabrication, flexible electronics, and precision-engineered components.
Surface Engineering & Oxide Layer Control
Titanium's surface can be engineered through anodisation or oxidation to tailor its optical, electronic, or catalytic properties — useful in sensors, coatings, and energy devices.
Industrial Applications
High-purity titanium is used across high-technology sectors for its corrosion resistance, strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and thermal stability:
- ✦ Aerospace & Propulsion Systems
- Titanium is used in thermal shielding, engine insulation, and structural components where high strength, low weight, and heat resistance are essential. Its oxidation resistance supports long-term performance in high-altitude and space environments.
- ✦ Medical & Biomedical Devices
- Biocompatible and non-toxic, titanium is used in implantable devices, surgical instruments, and biosensors. Its corrosion resistance and compatibility with human tissue make it ideal for long-term applications inside the body.
- ✦ Chemical Processing & Marine Engineering
- Titanium lines tanks, heat exchangers, and piping systems exposed to aggressive chemicals and seawater. Its resistance to chlorides and acids ensures durability in harsh industrial and offshore environments.
- ✦ Electronics & Semiconductor Fabrication
- Used as a diffusion barrier, electrode substrate, and thin-film base layer, titanium foil supports high-precision manufacturing in capacitors, sensors, and microelectronic devices.
- ✦ Energy Storage & Conversion Systems
- Titanium is employed in battery current collectors, fuel cell membranes, and hydrogen storage systems due to its corrosion resistance, formability, and surface engineering potential.
- ✦ Optical & Surface Coating Technologies
- Titanium's surface can be anodised or oxidised to produce interference colours or functional coatings, making it useful in optical filters, sensors, and decorative or functional surface treatments.
Synonyms
Material Properties
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 22 |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal close packed |
| Electronic structure | Ar 3d² 4s² |
| Valences shown | 2,3,4 |
| Atomic weight( amu ) | 47.88 |
| Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns ) | 6.1 |
| Photo-electric work function( eV ) | 4.1 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 50/ 5.3 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 49/ 5.5 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 46/ 8.0 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 48/ 73.7 |
| Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% ) | 47/ 7.5 |
| Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm ) | 0.147 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 3/ 27.5 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 4/ 43.3 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 5/ 99.2 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 1/ 6.82 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 2/ 13.6 |
| Ionisation potential( No./eV ) | 6/ 119 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Material condition | Polycrystalline |
| Material condition | Annealed |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.361 |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.361 |
| Poisson's ratio | - |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 108.4 |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | - |
| Bulk modulus( GPa ) | 108.4 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | - |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 120.2 |
| Tensile modulus( GPa ) | 120.2 |
| Izod toughness( J m⁻¹ ) | 61 |
| Izod toughness( J m⁻¹ ) | 61 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 60 |
| Hardness - Vickers( kgf mm⁻² ) | 60 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 230-460 |
| Tensile strength( MPa ) | 230-460 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 140-250 |
| Yield strength( MPa ) | 140-250 |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm ) | 54@20°C |
| Superconductivity critical temperature( K ) | 0.4 |
| Temperature coefficient( K⁻¹ ) | 0.0038@0-100°C |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling point( C ) | 3287 |
| Density( gcm⁻³ ) | 4.5@20°C |
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Melting point( C ) | 1660 |
| Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ ) | 8893 |
| Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ ) | 365 |
| Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ ) | 523@25°C |
| Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ ) | 21.9@0-100°C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ ) | 8.9@0-100°C |
Tolerances
| Thickness | <0.01mm | ±25% |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness | 0.01mm - 0.05mm | ±15% |
| Thickness | >0.05mm | ±10% |
| Diameter | ±0.5mm |