Thulium

Thulium

Thulium (Tm) is a silvery-gray lanthanide metal, one of the rarest naturally occurring rare earth elements. It has a melting point of 1545 °C and demonstrates moderate reactivity, particularly oxidizing slowly in moist air. Thulium is mainly obtained from monazite and xenotime ores and is extracted using solvent extraction and ion exchange methods.

Goodfellow's high-purity Thulium materials are designed to meet the exacting requirements of advanced research and industrial applications. Available in forms such as foil, powder, rod, and sputtering target, thulium is valued for its unique magnetic properties and strong luminescence. This rare earth metal exhibits ferromagnetic behavior below 32 K and becomes paramagnetic above 56 K. Thulium finds critical applications in the laser technology, medical imaging, and electronics industries. It plays a vital role in the production of high-performance lasers for surgical procedures and as a component in portable X-ray devices for medical diagnostics. In the electronics sector, thulium is used to enhance display technologies, particularly in the development of high-definition screens with improved color accuracy. Goodfellow's thulium products support cutting-edge research in areas such as high-temperature superconductors and next-generation optical communication systems. Their distinctive properties make them indispensable for scientists and engineers advancing materials science, particularly in applications requiring specialized magnetic characteristics and precise optical capabilities.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number69
Density9.321 g/cm³
Melting Point1545 °C
Boiling Point1950 °C
Thermal Conductivity17.0 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity142 nΩ·m
Crystal StructureHexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
Tensile Strength210 MPa (approximate)
Yield StrengthUnknown / Not well defined
Young’s Modulus56 GPa
HardnessBrinell ~600 (approximate)
Elongation at Break~20%
Poisson’s Ratio0.23

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceModerate; forms oxide layer
ReactivityReacts with water, acids; slowly oxidizes in air
Oxidation States+2, +3
Surface OxideForms Tm₂O₃ in air
IdentifierValue
SymbolTm
Atomic Number69
CAS Number7440-30-4
UN NumberUN3089 (powder)
EINECS Number231-140-2
IsotopeTypeNotes
Tm-169StableOnly naturally occurring isotope (100% abundance)

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
Portable X‑Ray DevicesUsed as radiation source in handheld X‑ray units
Solid‑State LasersEmployed as dopant in YLF and YAG lasers
Analytical StandardsUtilized in calibrating instruments in mass spectrometry
Magnetic Refrigeration ResearchInvestigated in low-temperature magnetocaloric systems
PhotonicsApplied in infrared optical materials

Industrial Applications
Use CaseDescription
Medical ImagingSource material for portable X‑ray sources in medical field
Laser SystemsUsed in high-performance solid-state laser devices
Specialty AlloysEnhances magnetic and optical properties of alloys
Spectroscopy CalibrationServes as stable standard in analytical techniques
Infrared OpticsUsed in infrared optical components and sensors

PurityApplicationsNotes
99% (2N)Used in industrial laser materials and portable X‑ray sourcesMid-grade purity; balances cost and functional performance
99.7% (2N7)Ideal for high-end photonics, analytical research, and medical devicesHigh-purity grade, suitable for sensitive applications
Synonym
Tm
Tm metal
Tm element
Thulium metal
Thulium element
Thulium rare earth metal
Thulium rare earth element
Element 69