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Palladium
Palladium (Pd) is a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal belonging to the platinum group. It is prized for its excellent catalytic properties, resistance to oxidation, and good electrical conductivity. With a melting point of 1554 °C, Palladium is softer and more ductile than platinum but shares similar chemical inertness. It is typically obtained as a byproduct of nickel and platinum refining.
Goodfellow’s Palladium product line, featuring high-purity palladium sputtering targets, Palladium Foils, and Palladium Rods, is essential for advancements in catalysis, electronics, and hydrogen storage research. Palladium is a precious metal widely used in fuel cells and catalytic converters, making it indispensable in the automotive industry. Its conductivity and corrosion resistance make it the material of choice for advanced electronics and Palladium-based catalysts. Laboratory researchers rely on palladium materials for nanotechnology, renewable energy systems, and next-generation electronic components. Our precision-engineered Palladium materials provide the reliability and precision required for cutting-edge scientific research and industrial development.
Properties
Identifiers
Isotopes
Applications
Grades
Synonyms
General Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 46 |
| Density | 12.02 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1554 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2963 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 71.8 W/m·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 105 nΩ·m |
| Crystal Structure | Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 170–210 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 60–120 MPa |
| Young’s Modulus | 121 GPa |
| Hardness | Vickers ~55 HV |
| Elongation at Break | 30–40% |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.39 |
Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent; resistant to oxidation and acids |
| Reactivity | Unreactive with air and water; dissolves in hot aqua regia |
| Oxidation States | 0, +2, +4 (common) |
| Surface Oxide | Forms thin oxide layer under extreme conditions |
| Identifier | Value |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Pd |
| Atomic Number | 46 |
| CAS Number | 7440-05-3 |
| UN Number | UN3089 (powder) |
| EINECS Number | 231-115-7 |
| Isotope | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pd-102 | Stable | ~1.02% natural abundance |
| Pd-104 | Stable | ~11.1% |
| Pd-105 | Stable | ~22.3% |
| Pd-106 | Stable | ~27.3% |
| Pd-108 | Stable | ~26.5% |
| Pd-110 | Stable | ~11.7% |
Scientific Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalysis Research | Palladium catalysts used in organic synthesis and hydrogenation |
| Hydrogen Storage | Studies on Pd's ability to absorb and store hydrogen atoms |
| Thin Film Coatings | Palladium thin films used in electronic and sensor devices |
| Electrochemistry | Used as electrodes in fuel cells and electrochemical sensors |
| Nanoparticles | Palladium nanoparticles studied for catalytic and biomedical uses |
Industrial Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Automotive Catalysts | Key component in catalytic converters to reduce emissions |
| Electronics | Used in multilayer ceramic capacitors and plating for connectors |
| Jewelry | Popular in white gold alloys and as a standalone precious metal |
| Hydrogen Purification | Used in membranes and filters for high-purity hydrogen gas |
| Dental Materials | Employed in dental alloys due to biocompatibility and durability |
| Purity | Description |
|---|---|
| 99.75% (2N75) | Commercial-grade palladium suitable for general industrial use, with minor impurities acceptable for many catalytic and plating applications. |
| 99.9% (3N) | High-purity palladium ideal for more demanding catalytic processes and electronic applications requiring improved consistency and performance. |
| 99.95% (3N5) | Enhanced purity palladium used in advanced research and microelectronics, where low impurity levels are essential. |
| 99.98% (3N8) | Very high purity palladium offering excellent performance in precision electronics and scientific applications. |
| 99.99% (4N) | Ultra-high purity palladium for critical applications such as fuel cells, specialized coatings, and analytical standards. |
| Synonym |
|---|
| Pd |
| Palladium Metal |
| Palladium Precious Metal |
| Palladium Element |
| Elemental Palladium |