Sodium

Sodium

Sodium (Na) is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal with atomic number 11. It has a low melting point (~98 °C) and boils at around 883 °C. Highly reactive—particularly with water—sodium tarnishes quickly in air. It is widely used in chemical synthesis, industrial processes, heat-transfer systems, and scientific research.

Goodfellow supplies pure sodium for specialized applications across research and industry, offering this highly reactive alkali metal in multiple forms to meet specific needs. In the chemical industry, sodium serves as a powerful reducing agent in organic synthesis and in the production of sodium compounds used in numerous products. The nuclear industry utilizes sodium as a coolant in fast neutron reactors, taking advantage of its excellent heat transfer properties. In metallurgy, sodium vapor is used in the production of some metals, such as titanium and zirconium, through the reduction of their chlorides. Emerging technologies benefiting from sodium include advanced battery systems, particularly sodium-ion batteries, which are being developed as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale energy storage. Additionally, sodium's role in sodium vapor lamps continues to be significant in specialized lighting applications where high efficiency and long lifespan are crucial. Goodfellow's sodium products support cutting-edge research in materials science, particularly in the development of novel energy storage solutions and advanced chemical processes.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number11
Density0.97 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Melting Point97.7 °C
Boiling Point883 °C
Thermal Conductivity140 W/m·K (solid)
Electrical Resistivity4.70×10⁻⁸ Ω·m
Crystal StructureBody-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Oxidation State+1 (dominant)
ReactivityHighly reactive; reacts violently with water, tarnishes in air forming Na₂O
Electron Configuration 3s¹
Electronegativity (Pauling)~0.93
IdentifierValue
SymbolNa
Atomic Number11
CAS Number7440‑23‑5
UN NumberUN1428 (metal, water‑reactive)
EINECS Number231-132-9
IsotopeTypeNotes
Na‑23Stable100% natural abundance
Na‑22, Na‑24RadioactiveUsed in tracer studies and medical imaging

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
Reagent in organic synthesisStrong reducing agent used for synthesis of esters, hydrides, and specialty compounds
Neutron source / tracersRadioisotopes Na‑22/Na‑24 used in research
Pyrochemical methodsMetal extraction (e.g. titanium, zirconium) via sodium reduction

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
Coolant in nuclear reactorsLiquid sodium used in fast breeder reactors and experimental systems
Sodium-vapour lampsHigh-efficiency street and industrial lighting
Glass and chemical productionUsed in glassmaking, soaps, and sodium compounds production
De-icing & water treatment chemicalsIn sodium salts like NaCl, Na₂CO₃, NaOH
Synonym
Sodium metal
Na
Natrium
Natrium metal