Iron

Iron

Iron (Fe) is a lustrous, silvery-gray metal and one of the most widely used elements in the world. As a transition metal, it plays a fundamental role in engineering, metallurgy, and material science. Pure iron is soft and malleable, but alloyed forms like steel and cast iron exhibit high strength and hardness.

Goodfellow offers high-purity iron for a variety of industrial and research applications, providing this versatile material in multiple forms to meet diverse requirements. Iron serves as the primary component of steel alloys used extensively in construction, automotive manufacturing, and infrastructure development due to their durability and cost-effectiveness. Iron also plays a key role in the production of magnetic cores for transformers and electric motors within the energy sector. Advanced uses include its application as a catalyst in chemical processes such as ammonia synthesis via the Haber-Bosch process. Goodfellow’s iron products contribute to innovative research into lightweight steel alloys for fuel-efficient vehicles and advanced magnetic materials for renewable energy technologies like wind turbines. Its versatility ensures that iron remains a cornerstone of both foundational industries and emerging scientific advancements.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number26
Density7.87 g/cm³
Melting Point1538 °C
Boiling Point2862 °C
Thermal Conductivity80.4 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity96.1 nΩ·m
Crystal StructureBody-Centered Cubic (BCC)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
HardnessMohs ~4
Elastic Modulus211 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio0.29

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceProne to oxidation; forms rust in moist air
ReactivityReactive with oxygen and acids
Oxidation States+2, +3 (common)
Surface OxideIron oxides (FeO, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄)
IdentifierValue
SymbolFe
Atomic Number26
CAS Number7439-89-6
UN NumberUN3089 (powder - reduced)
EINECS Number231-096-4
IsotopeTypeNotes
Fe-54Stable5.8% natural abundance
Fe-56Stable91.8% natural abundance
Fe-57Stable2.1% natural abundance
Fe-58Stable0.3% natural abundance

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
CatalysisUsed in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and ammonia production
Magnetism StudiesIdeal for magnetic material research and testing
Semiconductor DopingUsed in trace amounts in certain semiconductor experiments
Thin Film DepositionUtilized in coatings and nanostructure fabrication
ArchaeometallurgyStudied in ancient metallurgical artifacts and alloying behaviors

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
Steel ManufacturingPrimary component of all steel grades
Magnetic CoresUsed in transformers, inductors, and electric motors
Pigments & PolishingIron oxides used in abrasives and paints
Powder MetallurgyPressed into structural parts or sintered components
ElectronicsUsed in magnetic shielding and EMI suppression materials
GradePurityMain Use
Fe 98% (1N8)98%Used in general industrial metallurgy and powder applications
Fe 99% (2N)99%For coatings, thermal spraying, and basic research
Fe 99.5% (2N5)99.5%Magnet manufacturing, polishing materials
Fe 99.6% (2N6)99.6%Magnetic core fabrication
ARMCO® Soft Ingot (2N6)99.6%Vacuum-degassed iron for magnetic shielding, low carbon content
Fe 99.8% (2N8)99.8%High-purity research, sputtering targets
Soft Ingot (2N8)99.8%Used in precision instruments, electronics, and core laminations
Fe 99.85% (2N85)99.85%High-strength alloy development and precision instruments
Fe 99.95% (3N5)99.95%Semiconductor and cryogenic applications
Fe 99.99% (4N)99.99%Ultra-high purity required in nanotech and quantum computing
Fe 99.998% (4N8)99.998%Ultra-sensitive magnetic devices, scientific instrumentation
Synonym
Fe
Elemental Iron
Iron Metal
Ferrous