Hafnium

Hafnium

Hafnium (Hf) is a lustrous, silvery-gray transition metal known for its exceptional corrosion resistance and ability to absorb neutrons. With a high melting point and excellent mechanical strength, Hafnium is indispensable in nuclear control rods, aerospace components, and high-temperature alloys. It closely resembles zirconium chemically and is often found in zirconium ores.

Goodfellow supplies hafnium (Hf) in various purities, from% to 97%, for specialized applications across research and industry Hafnium is known for its high melting point and excellent neutron-absorbing capabilities, making it invaluable in the nuclear energy sector as a component of control rods that regulate fission reactions. In aerospace engineering, hafnium-based alloys are used in jet engines and rocket nozzles due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures without degrading. The electronics industry benefits from hafnium’s role as a gate dielectric material in advanced transistors, enhancing miniaturization and performance in modern microchips. Emerging technologies such as hypersonic vehicles also rely on hafnium’s thermal stability and strength at high temperatures. Goodfellow’s hafnium products support cutting-edge research into materials capable of performing under extreme conditions, emphasizing their importance in both scientific exploration and industrial innovation.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number72
Density13.31 g/cm³
Melting Point2233 °C
Boiling Point4603 °C
Thermal Conductivity23 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity33.3 µΩ·cm
Crystal StructureHexagonal close-packed (hcp)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
Hardness5.5 Mohs
Elastic Modulus78 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio0.37

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceExcellent, even in aggressive environments
ReactivityStable in air; reacts with halogens at elevated temperatures
Oxidation States+4 (most common)
Surface OxideHafnium dioxide (HfO₂)
IdentifierValue
SymbolHf
Atomic Number72
CAS Number7440-58-6
UN NumberUN2545 (powder)
EINECS Number231-166-4
IsotopeTypeNotes
Hf-174Stable0.16% natural abundance
Hf-176Stable5.26% natural abundance
Hf-177Stable18.6% natural abundance
Hf-178Stable27.3% natural abundance
Hf-179Stable13.6% natural abundance
Hf-180Stable35.1% natural abundance

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
Nuclear ScienceUsed in control rods due to high neutron absorption cross-section
Thin Film TechnologyHfO₂ used as high-k dielectric in microelectronics
Metallurgical ResearchStudies on refractory alloys and superalloys
Surface CoatingsApplied in corrosion-resistant layers for scientific instruments
Mass SpectrometryUsed in isotope ratio studies and dating techniques

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
Aerospace AlloysEnhances mechanical strength and thermal resistance in jet engines
SemiconductorsHfO₂ serves as a gate insulator in MOSFETs
Plasma Cutting ElectrodesUsed in tungsten electrodes for plasma arc cutting
Medical DevicesImplants and diagnostics requiring corrosion-resistant materials
Vacuum SystemsComponents for ultra-high vacuum environments
PurityMain Use
Hf 95%Used in aerospace, industrial alloys, and plasma cutting tips
Hf 97%Preferred for nuclear applications, high-temp coatings, and semiconductors
Synonym
Hf
Elemental Hafnium
Hafnium Metal