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Gallium
Gallium (Ga) is a soft, silvery metal that melts just above room temperature and remains in liquid form over a wide temperature range. It is stable in air and water and expands upon solidification, making it unique among metals. Gallium is widely used in semiconductors, optoelectronics, and high-temperature thermometry.
Goodfellow supplies 4N to 6N purity Gallium (Ga) materials in pellet form for advanced industrial, scientific, and research applications. Gallium is widely used in the electronics industry for producing gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors, which are essential components in high-speed devices like mobile phones and satellite communication systems. Gallium also plays a key role in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells, where its optoelectronic properties enhance efficiency. Emerging technologies benefiting from gallium include quantum computing and advanced photonics. Its unique properties make it indispensable for developing sensors and detectors used in medical imaging and environmental monitoring. Goodfellow’s gallium products enable groundbreaking research into next-generation electronic devices while supporting innovations in sustainable energy solutions.
Properties
Identifiers
Isotopes
Applications
Grades
Synonyms
General Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 31 |
| Density | 5.91 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 29.76 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2403 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 40.6 W/m·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 270 nΩ·m |
| Crystal Structure | Orthorhombic |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness | Very soft, <1 Mohs |
| Elastic Modulus | 9.8 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | N/A |
Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate; forms protective oxide layer |
| Reactivity | Stable in air/water; reacts with acids and alkalis |
| Oxidation States | +1, +3 |
| Surface Oxide | Gallium(III) oxide (Ga₂O₃) |
| Identifier | Value |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ga |
| Atomic Number | 31 |
| CAS Number | 7440-55-3 |
| UN Number | Not classified |
| EINECS Number | 231-163-8 |
| Isotope | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ga-69 | Stable | 60.1% natural abundance |
| Ga-71 | Stable | 39.9% natural abundance |
| Ga-67 | Radioactive | Used in medical imaging (PET scans) |
Scientific Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Semiconductor Research | Key in GaAs/GaN development for high-frequency devices |
| Thermal Studies | Used as a standard for thermometric calibration |
| Surface Wetting | Ideal for wetting experiments due to high fluidity |
| Photonics | Used in optoelectronic research for photodetectors and lasers |
| Alloy Development | Forms eutectic alloys for thermal management |
Industrial Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| LED Manufacturing | GaN used in blue and white LEDs |
| Solar Panels | Used in CIGS solar cells for high efficiency |
| Electronics | GaAs enables high-speed electronics and ICs |
| Medical Diagnostics | Ga-67 used in cancer detection imaging |
| Thermal Interface Materials | Liquid Ga alloys used in CPU cooling solutions |
| Purity | Main Use |
|---|---|
| Ga 99.99% (4N) | Suitable for general lab use and materials research |
| Ga 99.9999% (6N) | Used in semiconductor-grade applications and high-purity electronics |
| Synonym |
|---|
| Ga |
| Elemental Gallium |
| Gallium Metal |
| Galli |