Cadmium

Cadmium

Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, bluish-white metal known for its ductility, corrosion resistance, and low melting point. Although toxic in nature, cadmium is crucial in various high-performance applications where precision, conductivity, and environmental resistance are paramount. It finds significant use in electroplating, low-melting-point alloys, pigments, batteries, and semiconductors.

Goodfellow offers high-purity cadmium (Cd) for specialized applications in research and industry. It finds primary uses in the production of nickel-cadmium batteries, where its unique electrochemical properties contribute to long-lasting and reliable energy storage solutions. These batteries are particularly valued in aircraft and other applications requiring lower weight and longer life. In the electronics industry, cadmium is used in specialized electrical contacts and as a component in semiconductor materials such as cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide for photodetectors and solar cells. The nuclear sector utilizes cadmium in control rods for nuclear reactors, taking advantage of its high neutron-absorption cross-section to control neutron flux in nuclear fission. Goodfellow's provision of high-quality cadmium supports ongoing research into alternative energy storage technologies and advanced materials science. While environmental regulations have limited cadmium's use in many consumer products, its specific properties ensure its continued importance in specialized industrial and research applications where alternative materials cannot match its performance characteristics.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number48
Density8.65 g/cm³
Melting Point321.1 °C
Boiling Point767 °C
Thermal Conductivity96.6 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity6.83×10⁷ nΩ·m
Crystal StructureHexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
HardnessBrinell ~20 HB
Elastic Modulus50 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio0.30

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceHigh in alkaline environments
ReactivityForms stable salts; reacts slowly with air and acids
Oxidation States+2
Surface OxideCadmium oxide (CdO)
IdentifierValue
SymbolCd
Atomic Number48
CAS Number7440-43-9
UN NumberUN2570 (powder)
EINECS Number231-152-8
IsotopeTypeNotes
Cd-106Stable~1.25% natural abundance
Cd-108Stable~0.89% natural abundance
Cd-110Stable~12.49% natural abundance
Cd-111Stable~12.8% natural abundance
Cd-112Stable~24.13% natural abundance
Cd-113Stable~12.22% natural abundance
Cd-114Stable~28.73% natural abundance
Cd-116Stable~7.49% natural abundance

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
PhotovoltaicsCadmium telluride used in thin-film solar cells
Semiconductor ResearchCd-based compounds in photodetectors and quantum dots
Neutron ShieldingCadmium absorbs thermal neutrons in reactors
Spectroscopy StandardsUsed in X-ray fluorescence calibration
CrystallographyCadmium salts used in structure determination studies

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
ElectroplatingCorrosion-resistant coatings for aerospace and marine
BatteriesNickel-cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries
PigmentsBright cadmium-based reds, oranges, and yellows
Low-Temp AlloysUsed in fusible alloys and solders
BearingsLow-friction, fatigue-resistant surfaces in aviation
GradePurityMain Use
Standard Grade99.7%General industrial use, pigments, and electroplating
High Purity99.9%Battery electrodes and precision coatings
Electronics Grade99.95%Semiconductors and optoelectronic devices
Ultra High Purity99.99%Photovoltaics and thin-film deposition
Research Grade99.999%Analytical standards and neutron absorption studies
Synonym
Cd
Elemental Cadmium