Boron

Boron

Boron (B) is a black-brown metalloid with exceptional hardness, high melting point, and low electrical conductivity at room temperature. Known for its strong neutron-absorbing capabilities and resistance to corrosion, boron plays a vital role in materials science, electronics, and nuclear technology.

Goodfellow provides pure boron (B) products designed for use in cutting-edge research and industrial applications alike. These materials are available in multiple forms to meet diverse requirements across various fields. Boron plays a crucial role in producing high-strength composites used extensively in aerospace engineering for components like heat shields and structural reinforcements that demand both durability and low weight. Boron is also essenial in the nuclear industry as a neutron absorber within control rods used to regulate fission reactions safely within reactors. Beyond these industries, boron compounds are widely employed in the production of specialty glass (e.g., borosilicate glass) known for its thermal resistance—a property that makes it suitable for laboratory equipment and cookware alike. Advanced technologies benefiting from boron include semiconductors used in power electronics as well as next-generation battery systems where boron-based additives enhance energy density and stability.



General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number5
Density2.34 g/cm³
Melting Point2076 °C
Boiling Point3927 °C
Thermal Conductivity27 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity1.8×10⁶ nΩ·m
Crystal StructureRhombohedral (β-boron)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
HardnessMohs ~9.5
Elastic Modulus320 GPa
Poisson’s RatioN/A

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceHigh in most environments
ReactivityReacts with oxygen and halogens at elevated temperatures
Oxidation States+3
Surface OxideBoron oxide (B₂O₃)
IdentifierValue
SymbolB
Atomic Number5
CAS Number7440-42-8
UN NumberUN3178 (powder)
EINECS Number231-151-2
IsotopeTypeNotes
B-10Stable~19.9% natural abundance
B-11Stable~80.1% natural abundance

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
Neutron AbsorptionBoron-10 used in nuclear control rods and shielding
Semiconductor DopingUsed as a p-type dopant in silicon microelectronics
CeramicsIncreases hardness and thermal stability of advanced ceramics
NanomaterialsStudied for use in boron nitride nanotubes and graphene composites
SuperconductorsBoron-based compounds investigated for high-Tc superconductivity

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
Glass & DetergentsUsed in borosilicate glass and as cleaning agent additive
Flame RetardantsPresent in borate-based fire retardant compounds
AlloysEnhances strength and wear resistance in steels
MagnetsKey element in NdFeB permanent magnets
AbrasivesUsed in hard abrasives like boron carbide
GradePurityMain Use
Technical Grade92.1%Industrial abrasives, alloy additives
Standard Grade95%Ceramics and metallurgical applications
High Purity98%Advanced ceramics, research and coatings
Electronic Grade99%Doping in semiconductor manufacturing
Ultra High Purity99.6%Nuclear technology, high-precision research
Synonym
B
Boron Elemental