Arsenic

Arsenic

Arsenic (As) is a brittle, gray metalloid known for its semiconductor properties and its historical use in pesticides and wood preservatives. With a melting point of 817 °C and a notable toxicity, arsenic compounds are carefully handled in industrial and scientific applications. It exhibits multiple allotropes and several oxidation states, with the +3 and +5 states being most common. Arsenic’s unique electrical and chemical properties make it valuable in electronics, materials science, and environmental chemistry.

Goodfellow provides high-purity arsenic (As) tailored to meet the needs of specialized industries and research fields. One of its most notable uses is in the production of gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors, which are widely employed in high-speed electronic devices such as mobile phones, satellite communications systems, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Arsenic compounds also play a role in the manufacturing of specialized glass used in optics and infrared technologies. Furthermore, arsenic is used as a doping agent in silicon-based electronics to enhance conductivity and performance. Beyond electronics, arsenic is being explored for its potential applications in advanced materials research, particularly in areas like quantum computing and optoelectronics. Its ability to form stable compounds opens up possibilities for creating innovative materials with tailored properties. Goodfellow’s arsenic products support groundbreaking research into next-generation electronic devices while contributing to advancements in optical technologies.


General Properties

PropertyValue
Atomic Number33
Density5.727 g/cm³ (solid)
Melting Point817 °C (gray arsenic sublimates)
Boiling Point613 °C (arsine gas)
Thermal Conductivity50.7 W/m·K
Electrical Resistivity34.4 nΩ·m
Crystal StructureRhombohedral (gray arsenic)

Mechanical Properties

PropertyValue
HardnessMohs 3.5
Elastic Modulus35 GPa
Poisson’s RatioN/A

Chemical Properties

PropertyValue
Corrosion ResistanceModerate; forms oxide layers
ReactivityReacts with halogens and acids
Oxidation States−3, +3, +5
Surface OxideArsenic trioxide (As₂O₃)
IdentifierValue
SymbolAs
Atomic Number33
CAS Number7440-38-2
UN NumberUN1558
EINECS Number231-148-6
IsotopeTypeNotes
As-75Stable100% natural abundance

Scientific Applications

Use CaseDescription
SemiconductorsUsed in gallium arsenide (GaAs) for high-speed electronics and optoelectronics
Alloy ResearchStudied in lead and copper alloys for improved properties
Analytical ChemistryStandard reference material for trace element analysis and calibration
Environmental ChemistryUsed in studies of arsenic contamination and remediation technologies
Material ScienceExplored for novel two-dimensional materials and nanotechnology

Industrial Applications

Use CaseDescription
Wood PreservativesArsenic compounds used historically to prevent wood decay
PesticidesUsed in insecticides and herbicides (now mostly phased out due to toxicity)
Glass ManufacturingAdded to glass to improve clarity and UV protection
Lead-Acid BatteriesArsenic improves grid corrosion resistance in batteries
Alloying AgentAdded to lead alloys for enhanced hardness and durability
Grade Purity Main Use
High Purity Arsenic 99.99% General R&D, optoelectronic device prototyping
Ultra High Purity Arsenic 99.9999% Semiconductor-grade applications, epitaxial growth
Synonym
As
Arsenious Element
Arsenicum