HOPG - ZYH Carbon Foil

HOPG - ZYH Carbon Foil, standing for Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite, is a high-purity carbon material composed of well-aligned graphite crystallites, offering extremely low mosaic spread and minimal surface roughness. Its structure makes it ideal for surface science, particularly scanning probe microscopy (SPM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). With high electrical conductivity, anisotropic thermal transport, and chemical inertness, this material is routinely used as a calibration substrate in STM and AFM due to its atomic flatness and predictable surface termination. ZYH-grade HOPG is characterized by a mosaic spread of ~3.5–5°, suitable for experiments where moderate grain alignment is acceptable and cost-effective. Its applications span nanoelectronics, field emission testing, catalysis substrate studies, and materials analysis under UHV. In advanced instrumentation, HOPG-ZYH foils serve as reliable reference materials for tip performance, charge distribution, and carbon interfacial behavior, underpinning innovations in nano-imaging and atomic-scale manipulation.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Foil

Thickness	<0.01mm	±25%
Thickness	0.01mm - 0.05mm	±15%
Thickness	>0.05mm	±10%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	6
Crystal structure	Hexagonal/Diamond
Electronic structure	He 2s² 2p²
Valences shown	2, 3, 4
Atomic weight( amu )	12.011
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	0.0034
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	12/ 98.89
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	13/ 1.11
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.077
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	6/ 490
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 64.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 11.26
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 47.9
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 24.38
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 392

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	0.5-1
Hardness - Mohs	10
Material condition	Diamond
Material condition	Graphite
Bulk modulus( GPa )	33
Bulk modulus( GPa )	542
Tensile modulus( GPa )	4.8

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	1375@0@0°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	0.7

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	5000
Density( gcm⁻³ )	2.25@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	3650
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	712@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	80-240@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	0.6-4.3@0-100°C