Germanium Disk

Germanium Disk is a high-purity semiconductor material valued for its superior infrared transparency, high refractive index, and excellent carrier mobility. In disk form, it is widely employed in optical systems, infrared imaging, and spectroscopy where precision-shaped substrates are required. Industries such as aerospace, defense, and photonics use germanium disks for thermal imaging lenses, beam splitters, and IR windows. Specific applications include strain-engineered microdisk resonators for on-chip photonics, nanodisk arrays for next-generation quantum dot solar cells, and microcavity light sources integrated into CMOS-compatible platforms. In research, germanium disks are pivotal for advancing infrared optics, semiconductor lasers, and strain-tunable optoelectronic devices, offering a versatile foundation for innovation in both scientific and industrial domains.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

each

Tolerances

Disc

Thickness	>0.05mm	±10%
Thickness	<0.01mm	±25%
Thickness	0.01mm - 0.05mm	±15%

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	32
Crystal structure	Diamond
Electronic structure	Ar 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Valences shown	2,4
Atomic weight( amu )	72.59
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	2.3
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	72/ 27.4
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	73/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	76/ 7.8
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	70/ 20.5
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	74/ 36.5
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.139
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 45.7
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	3/ 34.22
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 7.90
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 93.5
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 15.93

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	6.25
Material condition	Polycrystalline
Poisson's ratio	0.32
Bulk modulus( GPa )	73.9
Tensile modulus( GPa )	79.9

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	46x10⁶@22@22°C
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C)( mV )	33.9

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	2830
Density( gcm⁻³ )	5.32@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	937.4
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	4516
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	465
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	322@25°C
Thermal conductivity( W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ )	60.2@0-100°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	5.75@0-100°C