Boron Powder

Boron Powder is characterized by its exceptionally high gravimetric (≈58.3 MJ·kg⁻¹) and volumetric (≈136.4 kJ·cm⁻³) heats of combustion, along with its low density and high melting point. Its chemical versatility stems from electron deficiency and an unoccupied p orbital, allowing it to form diverse compounds with tailored physical and chemical properties. Boron powder finds extensive application in aerospace, defense, and energy sectors, particularly where high-energy-density fuels and lightweight materials are essential. Specific uses include fuel-rich propellants in propulsion systems, high-performance explosives, and advanced pyrotechnic formulations. Research continues to focus on surface modification and composite integration to overcome ignition barriers, improve combustion efficiency, and develop novel energetic materials. Its combination of energy density, tunable reactivity, and adaptability to extreme environments cements boron powder’s role as a critical material in driving innovation for both scientific exploration and industrial high-performance applications.

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Tolerance

Properties

Reference & Citations

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Tolerances

Powder

Mean Particle Size		Nominal
Minimum Particle Size		Nominal
Maximum Particle Size		Nominal
Maximum Particle Size		Nominal
Particle Size D10		Nominal
Particle Size D50		Nominal
Particle Size D90		Nominal

Material Properties for Metals

Atomic Properties

Element	Value
Atomic number	5
Crystal structure	Tetragonal
Electronic structure	He 2s² 2p¹
Valences shown	3
Atomic weight( amu )	10.81
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section( Barns )	672
Photo-electric work function( eV )	4.5
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	11/ 80.2
Natural isotope distribution( Mass No./% )	10/ 19.8
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt( nm )	0.097
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	4/ 259
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	2/ 25.2
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	1/ 8.30
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	5/ 340
Ionisation potential( No./eV )	337.9

Mechanical Properties

Element	Value
Hardness - Mohs	9.5
Material condition	Arc melted
Tensile modulus( GPa )	441
Tensile strength( MPa )	1580-2410

Electrical Properties

Element	Value
Electrical resistivity( µOhmcm )	1.8x10¹²@27@27°C

Physical Properties

Element	Value
Boiling point( C )	3700
Density( gcm⁻³ )	2.34-2.37@20°C

Thermal Properties

Element	Value
Melting point( C )	2180
Latent heat of evaporation( J g⁻¹ )	35000
Latent heat of fusion( J g⁻¹ )	2090
Specific heat( J K⁻¹ kg⁻¹ )	1030@25°C
Coefficient of thermal expansion( x10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ )	8.3@0-100°C