CASE STUDY: Goodfellow Materials Power Historic Fusion Ignition Breakthrough at LLNL
On December 5, 2022, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California achieved a monumental milestone: fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This historic demonstration marked the first time a laboratory experiment produced more energy from a fusion reaction than the energy used to initiate it: a condition known as ignition.
Goodfellow Ltd. is proud to have provided critical, specialized materials that contributed to this groundbreaking achievement, helping to overcome one of the major barriers to producing clean energy.
The NIF experiment involved firing the facility’s 192 powerful lasers onto a BB-sized target of deuterium and tritium (DT), heavier isotopes of hydrogen. By delivering 2.05 megajoules (MJ) of laser energy, LLNL scientists achieved a fusion energy output of 3.15 MJ, demonstrating a net energy gain. This peer-reviewed and externally verified result confirms the fundamental principles of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), marking a transformative breakthrough for fusion energy and a critical step toward the pursuit of limitless, clean power.
“Simply put, this is one of the most impressive scientific feats of the 21st century.” (U.S. Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm)
“This is the breakthrough everybody has been waiting for, and it is exciting to have played a small, but critical part in supporting them on their journey to this discovery.” (Dr. Aphrodite Tomou, Goodfellow’s Head of Technical)


The LLNL historic experiment achieved the first instance of scientific breakeven controlled fusion, with an energy gain factor of 1.5.
Materials Used in Fusion Research
Goodfellow Cambridge provides a comprehensive selection of advanced materials designed specifically for fusion research applications. Our materials meet the highest standards for durability, stability, and performance in extreme environments. Additionally, we offer custom manufacturing and material production services—if our standard product range doesn’t meet your needs, please contact us to discuss tailored solutions.
Metals with High Hydrogen Permeability for Fusion Research Applications
In fusion research, metals with high hydrogen permeability play critical roles in processes like hydrogen separation and tritium recovery. Goodfellow can support the following key metals and their alloys for optimizing hydrogen and tritium management in fusion reactors. Their selection depends on specific application requirements, including permeability, strength, selectivity for hydrogen and resistance to embrittlement.
Palladium (Pd) and Palladium Alloys
- Palladium-silver (Pd-Ag) alloys
- Palladium-copper (Pd-Cu) alloys
Vanadium (V) and Vanadium Alloys
- Vanadium-titanium (V-Ti) alloy
- Vanadium-titanium-nickel (V-Ti-Ni) alloy
Tungsten (W) and Tungsten Alloys
- Pure tungsten
- Tungsten-vanadium alloys
Nickel (Ni) and Nickel Alloys
- Nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloys
- Nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys
Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (Fe-Cr-Al) Alloys
Zirconium (Zr) and Zirconium Alloys
- Zircaloy
- Zr-Ni alloy
Tantalum (Ta)
Pure Tantalum
Other Key Materials for Fusion Applications
Other key materials for fusion research available from Goodfellow include:
- Berryllium (Be)
- Ceramics (e.g. alumina, zirconia)
- Copper (Cu)
- Molybdenium (Mo)
- Niobium (Nb)
- Bobine de fil en alliage platine-rhodium Wollaston (Pt90/Rh10) Grade: Wollaston
Formula: Pt90/Rh10
Product Shape: Spooled
Diameter: 0.005mm
Length: 0.1m
Outside Diameter: 0.025 - 0.1mm
UOM Code: 000-066-13
Wollaston wire, Silver coated.
Overall outside diameter approx 0.025mm - 0.1mm.
The weight shown is for the core only.
The Silver outer sheath may be dissolved in aqueous 10% Nitric Acid.par unitéÀ partir de 326,09 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéGrade: Wollaston Formula: Pt90/Rh10Product Shape: Spooled Diameter: 0.005mmLength: 0.1mOutside Diameter: 0.025 - 0.1mmUOM Code: 000-066-13Wollaston wire, Silver coated.Overall outside diameter approx 0.025mm - 0.1mm.The weight shown is for the core only.The Silver outer sheath may be dissolved in aqueous 10% Nitric Acid. - Poudre en alliage argent-zirconium-cuivre (Ag97/Zr2/Cu1) Formula: Ag97/Zr 2/Cu 1
Maximum Particle Size: 45µm
Weight: 10000g
Colour: Green
UOM Code: 124-603-66
par unitéÀ partir de 251,37 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag97/Zr 2/Cu 1Maximum Particle Size: 45µmWeight: 10000gColour: GreenUOM Code: 124-603-66 - Tube en alliage argent-palladium (Ag70/Pd30) Formula: Ag70/Pd30
Outside Diameter: 2.2mm
Wall Thickness: 0.1mm
Inside Diameter: 2mm
Length: 100mm
UOM Code: 239-521-57
par unitéÀ partir de 276,01 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag70/Pd30Outside Diameter: 2.2mmWall Thickness: 0.1mmInside Diameter: 2mmLength: 100mmUOM Code: 239-521-57 - Feuille en alliage argent-palladium (étanche à la lumière) (Ag70/Pd30) Formule: Ag70/Pd30
État: Brut de laminage
Épaisseur: 0,15 mm
Longueur 1: 100 mm
Longueur 2: 100 mm
Code UOM: 853-615-42
par unitéÀ partir de 522,61 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormule: Ag70/Pd30État: Brut de laminageÉpaisseur: 0,15 mmLongueur 1: 100 mmLongueur 2: 100 mmCode UOM: 853-615-42 - Boulettes en alliage argent-or (Ag70/Au30) Formula: Ag70/Au30
Maximum Lump Size: 4mm
Weight: 10g
UOM Code: 866-192-24
par unitéÀ partir de 331,67 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag70/Au30Maximum Lump Size: 4mmWeight: 10gUOM Code: 866-192-24 - Feuille en alliage argent-or (étanche à la lumière) (Ag70/Au30) Formule: Ag70/Au30
État: Brut de laminage
Épaisseur: 0,25 mm
Longueur 1: 20 mm
Longueur 2: 20 mm
Code UOM: 530-210-45
par unitéÀ partir de 0,00 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormule: Ag70/Au30État: Brut de laminageÉpaisseur: 0,25 mmLongueur 1: 20 mmLongueur 2: 20 mmCode UOM: 530-210-45 - Fil en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag72/Cu28) Formula: Ag72/Cu28
Diameter: 0.25mm
Length: 100m
Temper: As Drawn
UOM Code: 071-465-25
par unitéÀ partir de 142,61 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag72/Cu28Diameter: 0.25mmLength: 100mTemper: As DrawnUOM Code: 071-465-25 - Tige en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag72/Cu28) Formula: Ag72/Cu28
Diameter: 2mm
Length: 1000mm
Temper: As Drawn
UOM Code: 619-935-81
par unitéÀ partir de 149,15 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag72/Cu28Diameter: 2mmLength: 1000mmTemper: As DrawnUOM Code: 619-935-81 - Poudre en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag72/Cu28) Formula: Ag72/Cu28
Maximum Particle Size: 45µm
Weight: 50g
UOM Code: 063-953-51
par unitéÀ partir de 213,52 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag72/Cu28Maximum Particle Size: 45µmWeight: 50gUOM Code: 063-953-51 - Feuille en alliage argent-cuivre (étanche à la lumière) (AG95/Cu5) Formule: AG95/Cu5
Épaisseur: 1 mm
Longueur 1: 250 mm
Longueur 2: 250 mm
Code UOM: 344-349-77
par unitéÀ partir de 0,00 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormule: AG95/Cu5Épaisseur: 1 mmLongueur 1: 250 mmLongueur 2: 250 mmCode UOM: 344-349-77 - Feuille en alliage argent-cuivre (étanche à la lumière) (Ag72/Cu28) Formule: Ag72/Cu28
Épaisseur: 2 mm
Longueur 1: 100 mm
Longueur 2: 100 mm
Code UOM: 310-875-26
par unitéÀ partir de 124,46 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormule: Ag72/Cu28Épaisseur: 2 mmLongueur 1: 100 mmLongueur 2: 100 mmCode UOM: 310-875-26 - Disque en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag72/Cu28) Formula: Ag72/Cu28
Thickness: 0.05mm
Diameter: 4.2mm
UOM Code: 452-576-49
par unitéÀ partir de 105,59 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag72/Cu28Thickness: 0.05mmDiameter: 4.2mmUOM Code: 452-576-49 - Rouleau de feuille en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag85/Cu15) Formula: Ag85/Cu15
Temper: Hard
Thickness: 0.007mm
Coil Width: 0.1mm
Length: 0.5m
UOM Code: 450-676-31
par unitéÀ partir de 153,67 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag85/Cu15Temper: HardThickness: 0.007mmCoil Width: 0.1mmLength: 0.5mUOM Code: 450-676-31 - Rouleau de feuille en alliage argent-cuivre (Ag72/Cu28) Formula: Ag72/Cu28
Thickness: 0.05mm
Coil Width: 100mm
Length: 0.1m
UOM Code: 279-647-58
par unitéÀ partir de 190,02 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag72/Cu28Thickness: 0.05mmCoil Width: 100mmLength: 0.1mUOM Code: 279-647-58 - Bobine de fil en alliage argent-antimoine (Ag99/Sb1) Formula: Ag99/Sb 1
Product Shape: Spooled
Diameter: 0.5mm
Length: 0.025m
Temper: As Drawn
UOM Code: 608-346-85
par unitéÀ partir de 255,41 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Ag99/Sb 1Product Shape: Spooled Diameter: 0.5mmLength: 0.025mTemper: As DrawnUOM Code: 608-346-85 - Fil en alliage platine-iridium isolation PTFE (Pt90/Ir10) Formula: Pt90/Ir10
Conductor Diameter: 0.025mm
Insulation: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Insulation Thickness: 0.005mm
Length: 20m
UOM Code: 204-461-26
par unitéÀ partir de 236,90 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Pt90/Ir10Conductor Diameter: 0.025mmInsulation: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)Insulation Thickness: 0.005mmLength: 20mUOM Code: 204-461-26 - Fil en alliage or-fer isolation PTFE (Au99.93/Fe0.07 at%) Formula: Au99.93/Fe 0.07 (Atomic %)
Conductor Diameter: 0.1mm
Insulation: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Insulation Thickness: 0.01mm
Length: 0.1m
UOM Code: 324-413-63
par unitéÀ partir de 254,69 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Au99.93/Fe 0.07 (Atomic %)Conductor Diameter: 0.1mmInsulation: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)Insulation Thickness: 0.01mmLength: 0.1mUOM Code: 324-413-63 - Fil en alliage platine-tungstène isolation polyimide (Pt92/W8) Formula: Pt92/W 8
Conductor Diameter: 0.025mm
Insulation: Polyimide
Insulation Thickness: 0.007mm
Length: 20m
UOM Code: 011-005-74
par unitéÀ partir de 132,93 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Pt92/W 8Conductor Diameter: 0.025mmInsulation: PolyimideInsulation Thickness: 0.007mmLength: 20mUOM Code: 011-005-74 - Fil en alliage platine-iridium isolation polyimide (Pt90/Ir10) Formula: Pt90/Ir10
Conductor Diameter: 0.1mm
Insulation: Polyimide
Insulation Thickness: 0.015mm
Length: 10m
UOM Code: 211-298-38
par unitéÀ partir de 176,66 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Pt90/Ir10Conductor Diameter: 0.1mmInsulation: PolyimideInsulation Thickness: 0.015mmLength: 10mUOM Code: 211-298-38 - Bobine de fil en alliage platine-tungstène (Pt92/W8) Formula: Pt92/W 8
Product Shape: Spooled
Diameter: 0.025mm
Length: 100m
Temper: As Drawn
UOM Code: 118-875-10
par unitéÀ partir de 164,48 €
En stockPrix unitaire dégressif selon la quantitéFormula: Pt92/W 8Product Shape: Spooled Diameter: 0.025mmLength: 100mTemper: As DrawnUOM Code: 118-875-10
Working as your experienced partner in the nuclear fusion sector, we can find and supply the highest quality materials for your products. Our nuclear energy applications and innovative alloys can help you achieve unparalleled performance and better energy efficiency in building and plant design.
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Resources and References
Zinkle, S. J., & Was, G. S. (2013). Materials challenges in nuclear energy. Acta Materialia, 61(3), 735–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.004
IAEA (2016) https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1715web-46541668.pdf, accessed January 2023