Catalytic Materials

Palladium

This rare metal is prized for its stability. An excellent catalyst for the absorption of oxygen atoms and oxidation of highly poisonous carbon monoxide. 

Platinum

Sometimes combined with the other metals. Platinum as a photocatalyst – with platinum nanoparticles being used to oxidize carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, and for water-splitting applications in hydrogen generation.

Nickel

One of the most famous nickel-based catalysts is Raney nickel, a heterogenous hydrogenation catalyst that is a nickel-aluminum alloy. This is used in hydrogenation reactions, including the production of cyclohexane from benzene.

Catalytic Supports

Ceria (cerium oxide) and alumina (aluminum oxide) are the most common catalytic supports. They provide a scaffold onto which another material can be coated or grown to improve the surface area and catalytic performance. 

Chemical Synthesis

Catalytic materials, such as transition metal complexes, are used to facilitate various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrogenation. For example, platinum-based catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. They enable the efficient conversion of organic molecules, leading to the production of life-saving medications.

Emission Control

Catalytic converters in automobiles are a prime example of catalysis in emissions control. These devices utilize catalytic materials, such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium, to convert harmful pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons, into less harmful substances. These converters reduce the environmental impact of vehicle emissions, contributing to improved air quality and public health.

Petrochemical Industry

The petrochemical industry heavily relies on catalytic materials for processes like hydrocracking, reforming, and isomerization. These reactions are essential for producing fuels, lubricants, and other valuable petrochemical products. For instance, zeolites, a type of crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst, are widely used in the petrochemical industry. They exhibit excellent selectivity and stability, making them ideal for hydrocarbon conversion and refining processes.

Energy Conservations

Catalytic materials play a crucial role in energy conversion processes. For instance, in fuel cells, catalysts facilitate the electrochemical reactions that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Platinum-based catalysts are commonly used in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, enabling sustainable energy generation. Moreover, catalytic materials are instrumental in hydrogen production through water splitting. These materials enhance the efficiency of the reaction, enabling the generation of clean and renewable hydrogen fuel.