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- About Us
Titanium
Titanium is a high-performance transition metal known for its outstanding combination of low density, exceptional strength, and superior corrosion resistance. With a silvery-gray appearance and a high melting point of 1668 °C, it is widely valued across numerous advanced industries. Its strength-to-weight ratio outperforms that of most metals, including steel, while remaining significantly lighter. Titanium naturally forms a passive oxide layer, granting it excellent resistance to oxidation and aggressive chemical environments, including seawater and acids. In medical science, its biocompatibility allows for safe integration with bone and tissue, making it a preferred material for implants. Titanium is also non-magnetic and has low thermal and electrical conductivity, which further expands its usage in sensitive environments. Available in a variety of commercially pure and alloyed grades, titanium supports a vast array of high-precision applications in aerospace, defense, biomedical, chemical processing, and more.
Properties
Identifiers
Isotopes
Applications
Grades
Synonyms
General Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 22 |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1668 °C |
| Boiling Point | 3287 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.9 W/m·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 420 nΩ·m |
| Crystal Structure | Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 240–550 MPa (pure), >1000 MPa (alloys) |
| Yield Strength | 170–480 MPa |
| Young’s Modulus | ~116 GPa |
| Hardness | Brinell 70–350 (depending on grade) |
| Elongation at Break | 15–30% |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.34 |
Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent |
| Reactivity | Forms stable oxide layer; reactive at high temperatures |
| Oxidation States | +2, +3, +4 |
| Surface Oxide | Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) |
| Identifier | Value |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Ti |
| Atomic Number | 22 |
| CAS Number | 7440-32-6 |
| UN Number | UN2546 (powder) |
| EINECS Number | 231-142-3 |
| Isotope | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ti-46 | Stable | Low abundance |
| Ti-47 | Stable | Natural isotope |
| Ti-48 | Stable | Most abundant (73.8%) |
| Ti-49 | Stable | Trace natural isotope |
| Ti-50 | Stable | Minor presence |
Scientific Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Biomedical Research | Study of titanium’s biocompatibility and osseointegration |
| Plasma Physics | Used in plasma-facing components due to high melting point |
| Nanomaterials Development | Titanium nanoparticles used in catalyst and coating studies |
| Thin Film Technology | Evaporation targets for PVD in semiconductor applications |
| Materials Testing | Fatigue and corrosion tests in simulated industrial environments |
Industrial Applications
| Use Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Aerospace Components | Critical structural and engine parts due to strength-to-weight ratio |
| Medical Implants | Used for prosthetics, dental screws, and orthopedic pins |
| Marine Hardware | Excellent seawater resistance for shafts, propellers, and casings |
| Power Generation | Heat exchangers and condensers in nuclear and geothermal plants |
| Chemical Processing | Storage tanks and pipes for handling corrosive substances |
| Synonym |
|---|
| Titanium metal |
| Ti |
| Titan |
| Titane |
| Titanio |
| Grade | Description | Alloying Elements |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commercially pure, softest, most ductile | None |
| 2 | Stronger than Grade 1, high corrosion resistance | None |
| 4 | Highest strength CP grade | None |
| 5 | Most widely used titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) | 6% Al, 4% V |
| 9 | Good cold formability, moderate strength | 3% Al, 2.5% V |
| 23 | Medical-grade version of Grade 5 with improved purity | 6% Al, 4% V |
| 23 ELI | Extra Low Interstitials for critical biomedical applications | 6% Al, 4% V |
| 200 | Experimental/custom alloy grade | Varies by formulation |
| Ion-implanted | Surface-modified titanium with enhanced wear resistance | Ion diffusion (e.g., N, C) |
| Precipitation Hardenable | Heat-treatable alloys for increased strength | Al, Mo, Fe (typically) |