Discovered in 1797 by N.L. Vauquelin in Paris, but not extracted until 1828 by Wöhler (Berlin) and A.A.B. Bussy (Paris). Beryllium is a light and lustrous metal which is obtained by the electrolysis of a fused halide (e.g. BeCl₂). It is resistant to attack by air or water, even at elevated temperatures (red heat). Beryllium is non-magnetic, is a good thermal conductor and is used as an alloying addition to copper or nickel, the alloys having excellent thermal, mechanical and electrical properties; in addition, when alloyed with nickel, the resultant Be/Ni alloy has the highest coefficient for secondary electron emission (12.3). Applications for pure beryllium include its use as windows in X-ray tubes and as a source of neutrons when bombarded with alpha particles, a technique used by Chadwick in 1932 in their discovery. Beryllium and its compounds are highly toxic, inhalation of the dust resulting in berylliosis, an inflammation of the lungs.
La rete è disponibile sia come filo tessuto o prodotto elettroformato; in ogni caso, le dimensioni di apertura indicate sono nominali. Rete metallica: un materiale intrecciato con fili metallici per fornire una griglia sottile con una serie regolare di fori. Rete elettroformata: un prodotto ottenuto galvanizzando la geometria della rete tramite una maschera su un substrato che di conseguenza viene inciso e tolto.